Linux 安装配置 Zabbix 运维监控系统

请注意，本文编写于 2040 天前，最后修改于 1251 天前，其中某些信息可能已经过时。

Zabbix是一个基于web界面的提供分布式系统监控及网络功能的企业级的开源监控工具，做为一个企业运维人员来说，zabbix可以给企业和运维人员带来很大的帮助，zabbix是一个功能非常强大、跨平台、开源的企业级运维管理系统，由2部分构成：zabbix服务端和客户端（agentd），也可以通过系统自带的SNMP来采集数据。

Zabbix可以部署在Windows、Linux、unix、MAC OS等平台上，可以监控任何网络设备、操作系统、中间件、数据库等，做为一个企业的运维技术人来说，监控是非常重要的，确保线上业务能够稳定运行，企业线上运行的和服务器网络设备等多不少，所以，我们可以通过监控发现服务器故障，方便运维人员技术快速准确的定位问题和解决问题，并且可以通过企业微信、企业QQ、企业钉钉、短信实现报警功能，有故障可以及时的通过管理员；开源的监控系统还有nagios、cacti、ganglia，我们在这里只详细的介绍zabbix监控。如果觉得自己有Linux基础可以参考下面的安装步骤，通过源码来编译部署并配置zabbix企业运维监控系统。

1、安装PHP

//通过yum源安装php及一些与php相关的库
# yum install php.x86_64 php-cli.x86_64 php-fpm php-gd php-json php-ldap php-mbstring php-mysqlnd php-xml php-xmlrpc php-opcache php-simplexml php-bcmath.x86_64 -y

2、安装数据库

//yum源安装MySQL（Mariadb）数据库服务端和客户端
# yum install mariadb.x86_64 mariadb-devel.x86_64 mariadb-server.x86_64 -y
# systemctl start mariadb.service            //启动数据库

3、初始化数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation 
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password: 
Re-enter new password: 
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!

By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!

4、安装 apache

//yum源安装apache
# yum install httpd.x86_64 -y
#### 4、install zabbix_server        //源码安装zabbix服务端和客户端
# tar -zxvf zabbix-3.4.9.tar.gz && cd zabbix-3.4.9
# groupadd zabbix && useradd -g zabbix Zabbix        //创建zabbix用户及组
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zabbix user=zabbix group=zabbix --enable-server --enable-agent --enable-proxy --with-mysql --enable-ipv6 --with-net-snmp --with-libcurl --with-libxml2        //配置编译
# make install            //编译通过后安装zabbix server

5、创建zabbix数据库及zabbix数据库用户并授权

[root@zabbix ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password:  Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 10 Server version: 5.5.47-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE zabbix CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) 
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON zabbix.* TO zabbix@localhost IDENTIFIED BY "password";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;Q
uery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 
MariaDB [(none)]> exit Bye

6、导入zabbix默认数据库：

#cd /root/zabbix-3.4.9/database/mysql
# mysql -uroot -p zabbix < schema.sql && mysql -uroot -p zabbix < images.sql && mysql -uroot -p zabbix < data.sql

7、编辑默认安装配置文件

# vim /usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf   
# vim /usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_server.conf
ListenPort=10051            //监听端口
DBHost=localhost            //数据库服务器
DBName=Zabbix            //数据库名
DBUser=Zabbix            //数据库用户名
DBPassword=password        //数据库密码

8、编辑并配置zabbix启动脚本，并设置开机自动启动

#cd /root/zabbix-3.4.9/misc/init.d/tru64
# cp -r /root/zabbix-3.4.9/misc/init.d/tru64/zabbix_* /etc/init.d/
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/zabbix*  
#chown -R zabbix:zabbix /usr/local/zabbix
# cp -r /usr/local/zabbix/sbin/zabbix_* /usr/local/sbin/
#/etc/init.d/zabbix_server restart
#/etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd restart

9、拷贝zabbix web端文件到apache根目录下面

#cd /root/zabbix-3.4.9/frontends/
# mkdir -p /var/www/html/zabbix/
#cp -ra php/* /var/www/html/zabbix/

10、访问web端

http://ip/zabbix

错误如下：

    Minimum required size of PHP post is 16M (configuration option "post_max_size").
    Minimum required limit on execution time of PHP scripts is 300 (configuration option "max_execution_time").
    Minimum required limit on input parse time for PHP scripts is 300 (configuration option "max_input_time").
    Time zone for PHP is not set (configuration parameter "date.timezone").
    At least one of MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle or IBM DB2 should be supported.
    PHP bcmath extension missing (PHP configuration parameter --enable-bcmath).
    PHP mbstring extension missing (PHP configuration parameter --enable-mbstring).
    PHP gd extension missing (PHP configuration parameter --with-gd).
    PHP gd PNG image support missing.
    PHP gd JPEG image support missing.
    PHP gd FreeType support missing.
    PHP xmlwriter extension missing.
    PHP xmlreader extension missing.

解决步骤：

#vim /etc/php.ini

post_max_size 8M  //8M修改为16M
max_execution_time 30 //30修改为300
max_input_time 60 300 //60修改为300
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

#systemctl restart httpd.service

先下载zabbix.conf.php配置文件，再把下载的zabbix.conf.php配置的配置文件上传到/var/www/html/zabbix/conf/目录下。

#systemctl restart httpd.service            //重启apache 服务

11、管理员信息

user/password:Admin/Zabbix        //Zabbix 前端默认用户名和密码，如果是企业使用搭建成功后一定要修改密码，也可以把用户名修改这样安全些。

12、client install zabbix_agentd

//源码编译安装zabbix_agentd客户端
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zabbix --enable-agent
# make install

13、修改agentd配置文件

# vim /usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
LogFile=/usr/local/zabbix/log/zabbix_agentd.log
EnableRemoteCommands=0
Server=192.168.10.100
ServerActive=192.168.10.100
Hostname=192.168.10.100
Timeout=30

系统监控运维工具